The only vaccine indicated to protect against mortality and leptospiruria
Prevented leptospiremia22
Protects against liver dysfunction and thrombocytopenia1
Proven safe and well tolerated in multiple studies1
INDICATIONS:
Effective for the vaccination against L. canicola, L. icterohaemorrhagiae,L. pomona, or L. grippotyphosa.
Also effective against leptospiruria caused by L. canicola, L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. pomona, or L. grippotyphosa.
Recommended for use in healthy dogs 8 weeks of age or older.
Unmatched Protection of Nobivac® Lepto4:Two Critical Indications
1. SHEDDING: DEFENSE AGAINST URINARY SHEDDING CAUSED BY 4 KEY LEPTOSPIRA SEROVARS
PREVENT URINARY SHEDDING OF LEPTOSPIRES22
A key objective of vaccination is to prevent urinary shedding of leptospires, which has potential zoonotic risk:22,23
0% of dogs vaccinated with Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPv+L4 developed leptospiruria
All of the control dogs challenged with L. canicola and L. grippotyphosa, 80% of control dogs challenged with L. icterohaemorrhagiae, and 50% of control dogs challenged with L. pomona developed leptospiruria
Nobivac® Lepto4 prevents leptospiruria associated with
L. grippotyphosa
L. canicola
L. icterohaemorrhagiae
Nobivac® Lepto4 shown to be effective against leptospiruria associated with
L. pomona
2. MORTALITY: THE ONLY LEPTOSPIROSIS VACCINE INDICATED TO AID IN THE PREVENTION OF DISEASE AND MORTALITY
PROTECTION FOR DOGS FACING THE MOST SEVERE CHALLENGES21
No dogs vaccinated with Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPv+L4 died or required euthanasia
54% mortality and euthanasia in control groups, reflecting the severity of challenge
Clinical efficacy results showed that Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPv+L4 also prevented1
Leptospiremia
100% vaccinates had no leptospiremia; leptospires were cleared quickly from the blood in those that did
By contrast, all control dogs had leptospiremia, and it lasted significantly longer, by days
Liver dysfunction
Serum levels of bilirubin and AST* remained at normal levels in significantly more vaccinates
Thrombocytopenia
Platelet counts remained in the normal range
* AST = aspartate aminotransferase
UNMATCHED PROTECTION
NOBIVAC LEPTO4 IS THE CLEAR CHOICE WHEN COMPARED WITH OTHER 4-WAY LEPTOSPIROSIS VACCINES24-27
To promote an even higher level of vaccine quality, Merck Animal Health introduced the special VacciPure filtration process in manufacturing Nobivac® Lepto4 and Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPV+L4
A porous filtration membrane selectively removes extraneous proteins, salts, and solvents
The outcome – fewer total proteins and a more purified final product
Read the study which proves high efficacy of Nobivac® Lepto4 vaccine under severe challenge.
Revention of Disease and Mortality in Vaccinated Dogs Following Experimental Challenge With Virulent Leptospira.
R LaFleur, J Dant, T Wasmoen. Intervet / Schering Plough Animal Health, Elkhorn, NE.
Canine Leptospirosis can vary from subclinical infection to illness that ranges from mild to severe, including death, depending on the susceptibility of the dog, virulence of the organism, and route and degree of infection. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of a canine Leptospira bacterin to prevent infection and disease following challenge with virulent Leptospira canicola, L. pomona, L. grippotyphosa, or L. icterohaemorrhagiae. Groups of 8-week-old beagles were vaccinated (day 0) and boosted (day 21) with placebo (n = 10) or the 4-way bacterin (n ≥ 20) and subsequently challenged with each serovar. The results demonstrated that blood and various tissue samples from placebo-recipients became reliably infected, and the dogs developed typical clinical signs of Leptospirosis including loss of appetite, ocular congestion, depression, dehydration, jaundice, hematuria, melena, vomiting, petechiae, and death. In addition, placebo-recipients developed kidney and liver dysfunction. In contrast, some vaccine-recipients became infected, but the organisms were cleared quickly from the blood. Vaccinated dogs failed to develop severe clinical disease requiring medical intervention, and no animals died (p > 0.001). A few of the vaccinated dogs developed clinical abnormalities, but the clinical signs remained mild and were self-limiting (p < 0.0001 for each serovar). Administration of the bacterin also prevented thrombocytopenia (p < 0.0001), kidney complications caused by L. canicola (p < 0.0001), L. icterohaemorrhagiae (p < 0.0001), and L. pomona (p = 0.012), and liver dysfunction caused by L. pomona (p < 0.0001) and L. grippotyphosa (p < 0.0001). The results therefore confirmed that vaccinating dogs with the 4-way Leptospira bacterin provided a high degree of protection (99.5%-100%) against the clinical signs of Leptospirosis including mortality.
Urinary Shedding Challenge Study
Read the study which proves Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPv+L4 effectively protects against leptospiremia and leptospiruria of (4) serovars.
Prevention of Leptospiremia and Leptospiruria Following Vaccination With a Dappv + 4-way Leptospira Combination Vaccine
Rhonda L. LaFleur, Jennifer C. Dant, Anna L. Tubbs, Huchappa Jayappa, David Sutton, Ian Tarpey
Background: Leptospirosis, characterized by high fever, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, myalgia, polyuria/polydipsia, jaundice, epistaxis, hematuria, and/or reproductive failure, continues to cause considerable morbidity among infected canines. Direct transmission of Leptospira spp. occurs when dogs come into contact with infected urine or ingest infected tissue. After dogs become infected, the spirochetes circulate in the blood for several days,1,3 where they cause extensive damage to the endothelium of small blood vessels (leptospiremia). After the leptospiremic phase, the spirochetes can further colonize various organs, including the kidneys, where dogs can become a carrier and potentially shed organisms in the urine for months (leptospiruria). Leptospira interrogans serovars Canicola and Icterohaemorrhagiae are traditional causative agents of canine leptospirosis, and while the use of bacterins have decreased the prevalence of the disease, significant morbidity can still be attributed to infection with these serovars.
Aim to Work: In this study, we combined inactivated L interrogans serovars Canicola, Pomona, and Icterohaemorrhagiae and L kirschneri serovar Grippotyphosa with Nobivac® Canine 1-DAPPv (Animal Health at Merck & Co., Inc., Kenilworth, NJ USA), a commercially available vaccine that contains modified live canine distemper virus, adenovirus, parainfluenza virus, and parvovirus. We then vaccinated dogs with the combination product and evaluated the ability of the vaccination to prevent leptospiremia and leptospiruria following challenge with viable organisms of each serovar.
21. LaFleur RL, Dant JC, Wasmoen TL. Prevention of disease and mortality in vaccinated dogs following experimental challenge with virulent leptospira. J Vet Int Med, May/June 2011, Vol 25, Issue 3; 747.
22. LaFleur RL, Dant JC, Tubbs AL, et al. Prevention of leptospiremia and leptospiruria following vaccination with a DAPPv + 4-way leptospira combination vaccine. Abstract & Poster, ISCAID meeting, Bristol, UK, 2016.
23. J.E. Sykes, K. Hartmann, K.F. Lunn, et al. 2010 ACVIM Small Animal Consensus Statement on Leptospirosis: Diagnosis, Epidemiology, Treatment, and Prevention. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25: 1–13.
